اقبال کی شاعری میں افرنگ و خاور کی کشمکش
The Conflict of East & West in Iqbal's Poetry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56276/tasdiq.v4i01.96Keywords:
Muhammad Iqbal, East, West, Persian Poetry, Urdu Poetry, Revolution, 19th Century, 20th CenturyAbstract
Iqbal must be considered the last flag-bearer of Persian poetry in the subcontinent. He poeticised his thoughts and ideas and used Urdu & Persian as a mode of expression to introduce Eastern traditions to the world. On one hand, he criticised the shallow culture and civilisation of the West; on the other side, he also targeted Eastern monasticism and passivism. According to Iqbal, the West is led by trade and commercialism, while Eastern thoughts are still dominated by monasticism; that is why the West undergoes continuous change, while the East is stranded and resists change. Iqbal desires to change the Muslim world and encourages Muslims to learn and benefit from modern Western knowledge. While the West is thriving with modern knowledge and technology, the East is rusted with old traditions and myths. Mainly, Muslims were surrounded by a lot of superstitions.
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1. Iqbal, Kulliyāt i Iqbāl. Iqbal Academy, Lahore, 2007, p. 749.
2. ibid, p. 167.
3. ibid, p. 168.
4. Iqbal, Kulliyāt i Iqbāl (Fārsī). Shaikh Ghulām ‘Alī and Sons, Lahore, p. 842–843.
5. ibid, p. 843.
6. Iqbal, Kulliyāt i Iqbāl (Fārsī), p. 473–475.
7. Iqbal, Kulliyāt i Iqbāl (Fārsī). Shaikh Ghulām ‘Alī and Sons, Lahore, p. 517.
8. ibid, p. 650.
9. ibid, p. 766.
10. Iqbal, Kulliyāt i Iqbāl. Iqbal Academy, Lahore, 2007, p. 654.
11. ibid, p. 659.
12. Iqbal, Kulliyāt i Iqbāl (Fārsī). Shaikh Ghulām ‘Alī and Sons, Lahore, p. 765–766.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Dr. Ali Kavousi Nejad (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
