اکیسویں صدی کی اردو شاعری میں آبی ماحولیاتی مسائل: تجزیاتی مطالعہ
Aquatic Ecosystem Concerns in 21st Century Urdu Poetry: An Analytical Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56276/tasdiq.v5i01.153Keywords:
Ecocriticism, ecosystem, aquatic, 21st Century, industrialization, Water Pollution, Environment, WLA, Urdu PoetryAbstract
Ecocriticism is an emerging discourse in literary studies. It is the study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment. Ecocriticism as a concept first arose in the late 1970s, at a meeting of the WLA. Ecocriticism deals with environmental pollution like air, noise, thermal, radioactivity, land, and water pollution. Urdu poetry has expanded so much on the thematic level that all the problems of life have been included in it. Along with other environmental problems, water-related issues are also highlighted in the Urdu poetry of the 21st century. The importance of Water cannot be repudiated, and the significance of this biological essence has even extended the human quest to the discovery of exoplanets through launching powerful telescopes like Hubble and the James Webb, at a cost of billions of dollars and human genius. But this is an ironic situation as all this scientific advancement and achievements come at the cost of depleting the resources of planet Earth; resultantly going to put humanity on the verge of extinction. 70% of our planet is covered with water reservoirs, and out of it 4% is potable, which runs into streams and rivers to fulfil the needs of human beings, but regrettably, man is contaminating and intoxicating these drinkable as well as non-drinkable resources, and this process is coming with great speed. This article has brought up this issue with reference to Urdu literature in the limelight and how water contamination is affecting human beings and aquatic life. The installation of industries within communities is puking out toxic wastes into rivers and streams, and likewise, maritime transport is hazardous for marine life, and it has been highlighted by the poets and writers through their masterpieces. This article will help us to understand and comprehend what the courtesy literature has shown on this serious issue of humanity. Ecocriticism, hence, has addressed issues related to water pollution and its impact on the health of human and aquatic life.
Downloads
References
1. Max Oelschlaeger, The Wilderness Condition: Essays on Environment and Civilisation (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1992), 273.
2. Cheryll Glotfelty and Harold Fromm, The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996), 106.
3. Cheryll Glotfelty and Harold Fromm, The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology, 15.
4. Peter Barry, Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory, 2nd ed., 2002, 248.
5. Muḥammad Ṭāhir al Qādrī, Dr., Shaykh al Islām, tr. ‘Irfān al Qur’ān (Lāhaur: Minhāj al Qur’ān Publications, January 2012), 46.
6. ‘Alī Akbar ‘Abbās, Bar Āb i Nīl (Lāhaur: Maktaba yi Fikr, 1978), 86.
7. Nāṣir Kāẓimī, Barg i Ne (Amritsar: Āzād Book Depot, s.n.), 21.
8. Aḥmad Farāz, Nabīnā Shahr meñ Ā’īna (Islāmābād: Dōst Publications, 2006), 136.
9. Aḥmad Farāz, Ghazal Bahāna Karūñ (Islāmābād: Dōst Publications, 2006), 43.
10. Sa‘īd al Ẓafar Ṣiddīqī, Zamīn (Karāchī: Rang i Adab Publications, 2012), 33.
11. Muḥammad Ṭāhir al Qādrī, ‘Irfān al Qur’ān (Sūrat al Ra‘d, Āyat 17), 429.
12. Aḥmad Farāz, Nabīnā Shahr meñ Ā’īna (Islāmābād: Dōst Publications, 2006), 109.
13. Anwar Mas‘ūd, Mailī Mailī Dhūp (Islāmābād: Dōst Publications, 2010), 104.
14. Anwar Mas‘ūd, Mailī Mailī Dhūp, ibid., 46.
15. Ibid., 86.
16. Afẓal Khān, Ak ‘Umar kī Muhlat (Faisalābād: Nuzūl Publications, 2013), 18.
17. ‘Abbās Tābish, ‘Ishq Ābād (Lāhaur: Al Ḥamd Publications, 2011), 477.
18. Ibid., 617.
19. Anwar Mas‘ūd, Mailī Mailī Dhūp (Islāmābād: Dōst Publications, 2010), 14.
20. Shanāwar Isḥāq, Madfūn Ādmī kī Ḍā’īrī (Lāhaur: Collage Publications, 2001), 37.
21. https://www.punjnud.com/urdu-ghazal-aur-maholiyati-science/
22. Cheryll Glotfelty and Harold Fromm, The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996), 186.
23. ‘Abbās Tābish, ‘Ishq Ābād, ibid., 477.
24. Afẓal Aḥmad Sayyid, Maṭṭī kī Kān (Karāchī: City Press Book Shop, 2009), 68.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Abdullah Naeem Rasul, Dr. Atta Rasul (Shakir Kandan) (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
